LB 3093 
.G64 
Copy 1 



• THIRD ACT 

Of the 
nerican Revolution 



WILSON L. GILL 




Read with special care, 
pages 2 & 3 of this cover, 
and 2 & 14 of the book. 



25 cents 



The American Revolution 
Is Not Over ! 



Third Act. 

This will complete the Revolution. 

After the conclusion of peace, Dr. Benjamin 
Rush, signer of the Declaration of Independence, 
in a famous address, made the following remark: 

There Is nothing more common than to confound the term 
American revolution with that of the American war. The 
American war Is over — but this is far from being the case 
with the American revolution. On the contrary, nothing but 
the first act of the great drama is closed. It remains yet to 
establish and perfect our new forms of government, and to 
prepare the principles, morals, and manners of our citizens 
for these forms of government after they are established and 
brought to perfection. 

The war completed the first act of "the great 
drama." The signing of the Constitution com- 
pleted the second act. The third act has scarcely 
begun. If it had been attended to then, it would 
probably have saved several millions of lives and 
billions of dollars. After a century and a third it 
is left to us to begin on a reasonable scale the third 
act. When this third act shall have been com- 
pleted, all social, industrial and political condi- 
tions, such as at present threaten the very exist- 
ence of our American Constitution and the demo- 
cratic civilization that is dependent upon it, will 
be matters of the past. 

The School Republic is the solution of this tre- 
mendous problem, and THERE IS NO OTHER 
WAY by which it can be solved. 

Copyright, 192Z, Wilson L. Gill, Mt. Airy, Philadelphia 



THE THIRD ACT 

Of the American Revolution 

Brief Textbook 

of the 
School Republic 

WILSON L; GILL, C.E., LL.B., 
Educational Director of the 
Constitutional League of 
America 



CIVILIZATION and permanent local and international 
Peace and Cooperation can be gained through practice of the 
Golden Rule, and in NO other way. Every nation can acquire 
this through the SCHOOL REPUBLIC, and in NO other way. 



CONTENTS. 

Organizing a School Republic...., Page 3 

Declaration of Principles 8 

Pledge of Loyal Citizenship 9 

Parliamentary Law 11 

Legislation in a School Republic 13 

Evening Schools 16 

Constitution of the School Republic... 17 

Constitution of the School State 19 

Charter of the School City 22 

No Other Practical Way 25 

Demonstration at Bankers Club 26 

Secretary Franklin K. Lane's Resolution 26 

Opinion of Superintendent McAndrew 27 

Dr. Frank Crane's Editorial 28 

U. S. Government — Best Sociological Thinking.. 30 
Authority of New York City Board of Super- 
intendents 31 



Constitutional League of America 
New York 






\M 



In all civilization, there is no greater, more comprehensive 
field than that of the School Republic, which must deal not 
only with individuals, but the morals, manners, health, economy, 
industry, peace, wealth, happiness and the life, of the whole 
world. It Is in use in many countries. 

The School Republic is both the plan and the practice by 
which the use of the Golden Rule can be made habitual. 

The whole school is treated as a national republic under the 
Constitution of the United States, or of the country in which 
the school is located. Each room is a school city or town. 
Several school cities of pupils near the same age, become a 
school state. Most of the training is in the school city. Every 
pupil is a citizen. The teacher is not a citizen, but is trainer, as 
In all other school work. 

There are three elements which are necessary for best results 
In any school government — the spirit of our Constitution, which 
is expressed in the Golden Rule; the forms which are provided 
by the Constitution; frequency of elections. School national 
elections should be two, three or four times a year, and school 
local elections once each month. 

This is a method of expression of good, rather than repression 
of wrong; of construction rather than of destruction; of kind- 
ness and co-operation for every good purpose, rather than com- 
petition. When properly used, it diminishes, and in many cases 
completely eliminates the necessity for punishing. Its object 
is NOT school discipline, but social and civic Tightness and 
general efficiency. Good school discipline comes as a by- 
product. Appropriate large words have not been avoided, as 
little children learn them easily. This book must be interpreted 
by teacher and children together. As rapidly as possible, every 
kindergarten and older pupil should have practice in teaching 
his own class. "A New Citizenship" and "The Boys' and Girls' 
Republic" give more details. 

TIME: This is a matter of spirit and conduct, not of recita- 
tion. It can be made to co-ordinate with reading, writing, 
English, civics, history — almost any school work. Its functions can 
be taken care of in the ordinary opening or Friday exercises. 
Voting by ballot can be before and after school and at recess. 

Skilful general supervision is as necessary for the general 
Introduction and reasonable use of the School Republic as for 
physical training or any other school work. 

Human nature seems to demand that to develop the highest 
Interest in anything, we must make some investment. There- 
fore, it is well to encourage, but NOT require every child to 
buy this booklet. Whatever profit there may be in the sale, 
will be used to extend the use of the method. Please order 
directly from the American Patriotic League, Mt. Airy, Phila- 
delphia, Pa. 

PARENTS, please read this book, so that you can. give 
intelligent encouragement to your children and 
their teachers. 



;/U jM i 20 1922 



C1A656302 



Organizing a School Republic 



Simple and Brief. 

In grades above the third or fourth, In organizing a school 
as a repuDlic, the pupils must understand Its high moral and 
civic purpose. This the teacher or other organizer can gather 
from the Constitution of the United States, the spirit of which 
is expressed in the Golden Rule. 

That the young people may be enabled to most easily and 
clearly understand the construction of their republic, the organ- 
izing should be made very simple and brief — always within one 
day. Under some circumstances this may be accomplished 
with satisfaction In two hours, or, If necessary, in only one 
hour. It does not have to be done "just thus and so." 

It Is not practicable to use written ballots in organizing. Let 
the citizens vote by raising their hands. 

Vote on First Nomination. 

It has been found by large experience that in organizing It 
Is well to let the pupils vote on the first nomination before 
there Is a second nomination. If the candidate gets less than 
a majority of votes, there must be another nomination. If the 
school is a large one and the number of favorable votes Is 
approximately half, it is more desirable to declare the candidate 
elected than to use any time In counting. Several nominations 
at one time create confusion and waste of time. To meet this 
difficulty, If the school is a large one, It is good practice to 
talk the matter over with a few of the pupils before the organ- 
izing, that they may already have exercised their judgment 
relative to right ones to be nominated, or the teacher can give 
a hint to several of those whose judgment is especially good, 
suggesting that they respond instantly when nominations are 
called for. 

If Properly Encouraged. 

Almost any boy or girl with a normal mind, even one who Is 
considered "bad," and might be nominated and elected as a 
Joke, will rise to the responsibility of his office and will prove 
to be a valuable officer If he Is properly encouraged by his 
teacher. The pupils should be made to understand that in this 
business there is no place for jokes, and that they ought to use 
their careful judgment. 

3 



As soon as the elections are completed have all the newly* 
elected officers come to the front, and, facing the organizer— 
not the school — with their right hands raised, repeat so dis- 
tinctly that all In the room may hear: "I solemnly promise 
that I will perform the duties of my office to the best of my 
knowledge and ability." Or this oath may be as formal as that 
required of officers of the United States Government. 

A Method — Not a Machine. 

It must be kept in mind that the School Republic Is a method 
for use by the principal and teachers, not simply a machine 
to be handed over to the pupils, and depends for Its success 
upon the maintained enthusiasm, more than the Intelligence, 
of the principal and teachers. There Is no question with the 
pupils. They will respond to whatever degree of loyalty and 
enthusiasm the principal and teachers will put into the cause. 

After the Republic is in operation the teacher should use 
every possible opportunity to encourage the children to under- 
stand and maintain the spirit of pure democratic citizenship. 



Address of the Organizer. 

The organizer of a School Republic may make a brief address 
to the children in some such words as the following: 

Our country seems to us to be the best there is in the world, 
and we love it. The people In some other lands think the same 
way of their countries, but our first business is with our own 
country. Every one of us should be a loyal and efficient citizen. 

We may not be as loyal and cannot be as efficient as we ought 
to be, unless we train ourselves specifically and practically for 
this purpose. Without such training, we are liable to drift Into 
one or the other of two classes of citizens who are a menace 
to our constitutional government. The first class Is of educated 
men who refuse to vote in primaries and local elections, and 
the other class of voters who leave the schools before they are 
taught American history or institutions, and who vote under 
various kinds of wrong Inducements. The results of the un- 
intentional or ignorant apathy and corruption of these two 
classes in voting are a serious menace to our constitutional 
form of government, and we ought to do all In our power to 
combat these evils. 

4 . 



Habit of Voting. 

There Is only one way by which these dangers can be avoided 
and that Is by training all of those who are to be citizens to 
form the habit of VOTING intelligently and loyally In every 
election. This can be done by the right kind of civic training 
In the schools. 

Every person who Is a citizen at all Is a citizen of our national 
government, of a state government and of the local government. 
To g»ive reasonable training In each of these branches of citi- 
zenship a school Is organized as a national government, each 
room as a city or other local government, and a group of local 
governments, of children about the same age, is organized as 
a school state. 

That elections may be frequent enough to enable the young 
citizens to form the Habit of Voting, school national elections 
are held as frequently as two, three or four times In the school 
year; of school states at least three or four times, and of school 
cities or towns every month. 

The Golden Rule Is Civic. 

We have found that there Is a fundamental principle of 
democratic citizenship, and that this is the spirit of loyal 
friendship. The way to express the principle or spirit of friend- 
ship is by persistently observing the Golden Rule In all the 
affairs of life, at home, In school, In play and business, every- 
where and in all things. 

As this Idea has been preached by the ancient and modern 
Jews, by the followers of Confucius and of Buddha, and by 
Christians, both Catholics and Protestants, it has been looked 
upon as religious, but we now can see that it is clvle, and the 
necessary foundation of successful democratic citizenship and 
of true and lasting peace and prosperity for any community. 

Universal Peace and Co-operation. 

It Is also self-evident that when such living is attained in 
every community, peace will prevail and the whole world will 
be co-operating for the comfort and welfare of every part of it. 
Then there will be no thought of overproduction. Every com- 
munity and every person will be encouraged to produce as much 
as possible and secure reasonable distribution, that all in the 
world may be well fed and well clothed and live In comfortable 

homes. 

6 



Teachers Are Responsible. 

Teachers and pupils should clearly understand that teachers 
are officers of the state, commissioned by the state to maintain 
order in their schools. They cannot escape this responsibility 
to the state. They would not be permitted to give up any part 
of their authority to the pupils. They are no part of the pupils' 
democratic republic. They are in this as In other school work — 
teachers, trainers, guides and friends. 

The teachers say In effect, "If you, our pupils, wish to be 
responsible citizens, making your own laws, carrying them Into 
effect, and conducting your own courts, we will help you as 
we do in mathematics, and as In mathematics so In civic life, 
which you are entering, we will help and encourage you to be 
Independent of us, and as in mathematics, when we see that 
you are in error, we cannot let this pass uncorrected. In this 
way you will become self-reliant, accustomed to take the In- 
itiative in social and civic affairs, judicial In all matters, and 
accustomed to team work for every good purpose. While we 
would not be permitted to give up our veto power, If you do 
your part faithfully and intelligently, we shall never have to 

use that power. 

Spirit and Plan. 

The Declaration of Independence sets forth the spirit of 
American citizenship. The Constitution of the United States 
furnished the plan for organizing and of action. For con- 
venience, these features of the Constitution which are most 
essential for school training are embodied In a small consti- 
tution for your use. In the same way there has been prepared 
a brief school state constitution and school city charter and 
several other helpful documents which will be given to you. 

I hope that you recognize that this is not a game, though you 
will find in it much more pleasure and fun than in any game 
you ever played. It is not only practice in citizenship, but 
IT IS CITIZENSHIP. 

Oath of Allegiance. 

It is desirable that all of you should unite In a declaration 
of principles and a pledge of loyalty, which will be In effect 
an Oath of Allegiance. 

Every boy and girl in the United States to whom this matter 

has been explained has gladly enlisted in the cause, and I 

suppose that you will be just as glad to do this as all tha 

others have been. 

S 



All of you who wish to co-operate with the boys and girls 
throughout our country for better citizenship by means of this 
kind of civic training in the schools, please show It by standing 
up. (As soon as they have stood say, "Please sit down.") 

Defense of the Constitution. 

In thus expressing your wish, you have enlisted In the defense 
of the Constitution of the United States, and we will proceed 
to organize you as citizens of a national democratic republic. 
It Is desirable that all of you should have all the exercise 
possible in making laws, In carrying them Into execution and 
In deciding under them what Is right and what Is wrong. 

In the original organizing, It has been found by large expert- 
ence that it Is desirable to proceed as rapidly as possible with- 
out regard to ordinary parliamentary practice. In future elec- 
tions every formality that may be desired may be followed. 

We will not nominate two candidates when we can make It 
evident that a majority of the citizens would approve of the 
first candidate. We will aim to find as many responsibilities 
as possible, so that every citizen may have some special duty 
to perform for the good of all. Simplicity In the work is not 
in loading down any one officer with many duties, but by giving 
each person a simple duty to perform. 

Rotation in office without re-elections should be sufficiently 
rapid to enable every citizen to have experience In many, and 
If possible in every office. 

It is desirable that all of you unite In a declaration of prin- 
ciples and a pledge of loyalty. I will read them to you, and 
you can then vote to accept or reject them, but I am sure 
that you will recognize that they are right. 

Preamble of the Constitution of the United States. 

We, the people of the United States, in Order to form a more 
perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, 
provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, 
and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Pos- 
terity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United 
States of America. 

Student "senates," "councils" and other forms than those 
prescribed by the Constitution form habits and attitudes which 
must be gotten rid of before one can be a loyal and efficient 
American citizen. They might just as well be Russian Sovietism. 
Though the forms may be right, if elections are only once a 
year the results are those of "boss rule," and should be 
prohibited by law. 



Declaration of Principles 



The spirit of love and helpful kindness Is In all normal young 
children. We must encourage and help them to develop this 
spirit for their own welfare and happiness and for the good 
of all. All must work together to make an end of tyranny and 
of crime of every sort, to put restraint upon all that Is wrong, 
to give encouragement to all that Is good, and to maintain 
equal rights for all and special privileges for none. 

We are responsible citizens, and the flag of our country is 
our symbol of service and co-operation for the good of all man- 
kind. We want to be true to the citizenship of our country 
and will show our love and loyalty by our Industry, our 
efficiency, our friendliness, by looking on the bright side of 
things and not on the dark (except to help correct them) and 
by our good works. 

Our country asks us to live for her and the good of all, and 
so to live and so to act that her citizenship and her govern- 
ment shall be pure, her officers honest and efficient and every 
part of her territory safe and fit for the best of men and women. 
Our country asks that we co-operate with our brothers and 
sisters in every land to make an end of tyranny and crime 
and advance the cause of good will, good manners and best 
conditions in our homes and neighborhoods and throughout the 
world. 

All in favor of this Declaration of Principles raise your right 
hands. This declaration is adopted. (This is a safe presump- 
tion as a large majority Invariably votes for It.) 



Brief Form of Civic Pledge. 

The simplest comprehensive form for such a pledge that we 
have yet found is as follows: 

"I solemnly promise to perform the duties of my American 
citizenship to the best of my knowledge and ability." 

This brief form can be used to advantage with very little 
citizens, and also with older pupils, In place of the longer 
form to save time in organizing. 

The following pledge Is good for use at some appropriate 
time each week: 

8 



Pledge of Loyal Citizenship 



Recognizing In some measure how great a privilege It I* 
which has been granted to us, that we shall be trained as 
responsible citizens of a democratic republic under the Con- 
stitution of the United States, rather than as irresponsible 
subjects of a monarchy, we solemnly promise that we will be 
loyal, obedient and faithful to every branch of our government 
from that of the United States of America, and our state, to 
our own local School Republic, and to all authority that Is 
lawful; that we will endeavor to make good laws and to obey 
them; that we will use our best judgment in choosing officers; 
that we will perform the duties of office to the best of our 
knowledge and ability when chosen to any office; that we will 
encourage and help our officers without reference to the way 
our individual votes may have been cast; that if summoned to 
appear In court we will comply and give every reasonable 
assistance to enable the judge to discover the truth and to 
arrive at a Just decision, whatever our relation may be to the 
case; that we will abide by the judgment of our court when 
approved by the teacher or other authorized adult officer of 
our school; and that we will to the best of our ability perform 
faithfully all the duties of citizenship. 



Please all of you stand, raise your right hands as high as 
you can, and repeat this pledge of allegiance. As soon as they 
respond, say, "Please sit down." 

I will now read to you a brief form of a Constitution, and 
as you have had no experience In this matter, and It has been 
Written as the result of a very large experience and has been 
approved by every statesman and scholar (many of both) to 
whom it has been submitted, you are advised to accept It 
without change. 

(Here read the School Republic Constitution.) 

All of you who are In favor of this Constitution please Indi- 
cate It by standing. Now, please sit down. 

This Constitution may be amplified to any extent that Is In 
harmony with the Constitution of the United States. 

Nomination of President. 
Under this Constitution, It Is now your duty to elect several 
officers. As it is possible for ail the citizens under this Con- 
stitution to be assembled, and as it is desirable that every 

9 



one of you should feel as great a responsibility as possible, 
for every act of your legislative body and for the appointing 
and service of every officer, you will act In the capacity of 
citizens and of lawmakers. Therefore, every one of you who 
thinks of some girl or boy who would be an appropriate one 
to serve as the President of your Republic, please raise your 
right hand* 

The organizer will point to any pupil who appears to be alert 
In the matter, and say, "Whom do you nominate?" Then 

Immediately say, "All in favor of 

for President, raise your right hands." In this original organ- 
izing rapidity of action is more desirable than exactness. For 
this reason, If the vote for the one nominated approximates a 
majority, declare the candidate elected and proceed In the 
same way to the nomination and election of the Vice-President, 
who will be the President of the Congress of a single house, 
which later, whenever found desirable, can be converted into 
two houses. 

Take Oath of Office. 

The President and Vice-President-elect should come before 
the whole body and raise their right hands and take the oath 
of office in the following or any other appropriate words: 

"I solemnly promise to perform the duties of my office to 
the best of my knowledge and ability." 

Tmj whole body of citizens should then stand, raise their 
fight hands and take the same oath of office as members of 
the Congress, or the words may be exactly the same as In the 
oath which is used in the United States Congress. This is 
because they are immediately to act as members of the Senate. 

Appoint Chief Justice and Secretary of State. 

The President should then appoint the Chief Justice, and the 
appointment should be submitted to the whole body sitting as 
the Congress for confirmation or rejection. The Chief Justice 
should be then sworn in. 

The same process may be followed to obtain a Secretary of 
State and other cabinet officers, who should at once take their 
oath of office. 

If the time limit has arrived, the appointing and confirming 
of other officers and the performing of other functions may be 
deferred to the next session of the Congress. 

It should be suggested that some one move to adjourn, to 
assemble again at the call of the President. The President, of 
course, would arrange with the Principal of the school for 
the next session 

Organizing School States and Cities. 

The School National Government having been organized, the 

states and cities can be organized simply by having the pupils 

adopt the State Constitution and City Charter and etect officers 

and have them take the oath of office. ' 

10 



PARLIAMENTARY LAW. 



Parliamentary law Is a system by which an assembly arrives 
at a decision. It Is politeness so applied as to give every 
member a fair chance to express his Ideas concerning any 
business before the assembly, or to check unreasonable trespass 
on the time of the assembly. 

A quorum Is that number of members needed to enable an 
assembly to transact business. A majority of the members Is 
a quorum, unless there is some regulation providing for another 
number. A meeting is opened by the presiding officer saying, 
"The meeting will come to order." 

A motion cannot be considered before some member has 
risen to his feet and, addressing the presiding officer, has said: 
"Mr. President," and the presiding officer has recognized him 

by saying "Mr. " (giving the member's name), which 

gives the member the privilege of saying, "I move that" (here 
follow the words of the motion or resolution), and then some 
other member has arisen and declared, "I second the motion." 
He need not wait to be recognized by the presiding officer. 

A motion to adjourn is not debatable, and Is always In order. 
The form Is, "I move that we adjourn." 

No motion can be put to vote while a previous motion Is 
before the assembly, except privileged motions, -such as "to 
amend," "to refer to a committee," "to lay on the table," "to 
limit the debate," "to close nominations" and "to adjourn." 

If a motion Is made "to amend," the vote must be on the 
amendment first, then on the original motion as amended. 

To obtain "the floor," a member must arise and, addressing 
the presiding officer, say, "Mr. President" (or In some cases, 
"Mr. Chairman"). He has no right to say another word till 
the presiding officer recognizes him, by speaking his name. 

A motion "to close nominations" Is useful to prevent an 
unnecessary number, which consumes too much time. Under 
some circumstances one nomination Is enough, and a member 
can at once arise and, after he has been recognized by the 
chairman, say: "I move that nominations for mayor (or what- 
ever the office may be) be now closed." If this motion should 
be seconded and carried, there will be no more nominations 
for that office, unless the one nominated fails to receive the 
number of votes necessary for election. 

SPIRIT OF PARLIAMENTARY LAW. 
Be brief. Be truthful. Be thoughtful. Be in earnest. Be 
patient and hopeful. Be kind and courteous. Be considerate 
of the feelings of others. Be polite under all circumstances. Be 
helpful. Be firm for the right. Try to understand those who 
differ from you. Don't argue in a school republic business meet- 
ing just for the sake of arguing. Transact business promptly 
and In a businesslike way. Do not trifle. Do not be touchy. 
Do not allow yourself to be easily Irritated. If a person who 
has been friendly or unfriendly offers a resolution, which in 
your judgment Is right, give to ft your support. 



DIAGRAM of PARLIAMENTARY MOTIONS 



PRIVILEGED 



INCIDENTAL 






PLACE 



ADJOURN - 



to;- i£n; 



-"TAKE ? ZCtSS 



'QUESTIONS* PRIVILEGE 



3ERS bf .the DAY 



POINDS of ;QRDER 



APPEAL 



MOTIONS 



MOTIONS 



A 



# 



;* the OBJECTION 



" ■ 



' 



-"" 



• to SUSPEf RULES 



r ■ -:^-- : 



the PREVIOL 1STLON 



to PQSTPONEtoa DEFINITE TIME 
to REFER to a COMMITTEE 



^POSTPONE INDEFINITELY 



to AMENDtheAMENDMENT 



AMENDMENT 



MAIN or PRINCIPAL MOTION 



o» WHITE SPACES DEBATABLE MOTIONS 
**« BLACK SWkCES UN DEBATABLE MOTIONS. 



A MOTIONS REQUIRING TWO THIRDS VOTE 

Copyright 1907 ty Nanette B.PauL 



Original idea and design by Wilson L. Gill. 
12 



LEGISLATION AND ACTIVITIES 
IN A SCHOOL REPUBLIC. 

All legislation In a school republic should have for Its basis 
the spirit of the "Golden Rule/' an ancient expression of which 
is, "as ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to 
them." and this will result In the greatest good to each and 
every member of the entire community. It will then comply 
with all just laws that are made by men. 

Every legislative act of -the school citizens must be signed 
by the teacher or principal of the school before it becomes 
a law. While the teacher, of necessity, has the veto power, 
it is practically never necessary to use it, as the teacher Is 
the friend, adviser and teacher in matters of citizenship, the 
same as in all other matters of instruction In the school. The 
teacher gets the children's point of view, and the children 
more easily understand and appreciate the teacher. 

In these matters, as In those of mathematics, the teacher 
encourages the pupils to become Independent in solving the 
problems, but is present to point out errors In manner of rea- 
soning before conclusions are reached. 

VERY LITTLE CITIZENS. 

A little child, only four years old, can be led very easily Into 
the spirit and practice of efficient citizenship, and enjoy It even 
more than any play or pretense, both of which are natural 
and a part of child life. It has all the pleasurable elements of 
play, with the additional Interest and zest of reality. The same 
may be said of college students and pupils of every age, as 
of little children. 

In a group of twenty or thirty children It Is not at all un- 
usual to find one who will spit on the floor, In spite of the 
teacher's most Industrious endeavors to prevent it. As soon 
as the children are given the right to make laws for them- 
selves, one of them Is almost sure to suggest that they make 
a law prohibiting spitting on the sidewalks and floors. The 
little offender Is almost as sure to vote for the new law, and, 
whether he votes for it or not, as a rule, he never spits on the 
floor again; but. if he shou'd do so, the other children would 
hold him to account, and this Is very much more effective than 
the endeavors of the teacher. 

13 



Chlld-cltlzens almost Invariably, either consciously or un- 
consciously, endeavor to enact laws which will conform to 
Ideas of right and wrong which they have learned from their 
parents and teachers. Even though they may have resisted 
them up to the time of the legislating, and though they may 
have been disobedient to them up to that time, they are gen- 
erally obedient to them after having helped to make the laws. 
Moreover, they insist on obedience by every one. The resulting 
self-discipline Is excellent. 

SUBJECTS FOR LEGISLATION. 

Matters of personal conduct furnish most of the topics of 
legislation by the citizens of school republics, such as the 
following: 

CONSTRUCTIVE LEGISLATION. — Kindness toward all per- 
sons, especially little children and old men and women, and 
toward animals, birds, and other living creatures. 

Enforce the laws. 

Courtesy under all reasonable circumstances. 

Welcome and protection to newcomers In the schools. 

Remove snow from walks. 

Put sand or cinders on icy paths and steps. 

Remove broken glass, fruit skins and other obstacles from 
places in which they may cause accidents. 

Improve paths with stepping stones, cinders, ashes, boards 
or other materials. 

Give all possible assistance to mother and teacher, and to 
every person who is In trouble or may need assistance. 

Maintain cleanliness of blackboards, floors, yards, streets, etc. 

Maintain personal cleanliness — face, ears, hair, teeth, hands, 
shoes, etc. A commissioner for each subject. 

Provide Inspection for personal cleanliness, health, tempera- 
ture of the schoolroom, etc. 

Keep the flag In repair. 

Raising and lowering the flag, with proper ceremony, by 
commissioners appointed for the purpose, and by the citizens, 
with such singing and salute as can be made practicable. 

Construct athletic apparatus and things with which to play. 

Erect such guideboards on roads and streets, where not 
already provided, as it may be practicable for young people to 
make and erect, with consent, If necessary, of public officials, 
but such consent Is generally unnecessary. 

Provide that the mayor, the president of the council, or some 
other pupil, or pupils, in the absence of the teacher, shall per- 
form the duties of the teacher, who should train them daily 
In these duties. 

14 



PREVENTIVE LEGISLATION.— Most legislation Is preven- 
tive. Following Is a list of some offenses which may be for- 
bidden by school citizens. 

Children who have learned to write should, and generally do, 
legislate against writing Improper notes and making Improper 
pictures, or either passing or showing such things to other 
pupils, except to the court or officer whose duty It Is to deal 
with the case. This matter is one of very serious Importance, 
and, if dealt with promptly and vigorously, as the children are 
apt to do, it will prevent the developing of some more serious 
and less easily handled affairs among the same children when 
they reach the high school age. 

Playing with fire. 

Gambling in any form. 

Quarreling and fighting. 

Uttering unclean or otherwise Improper words. 

Writing and marking on walls, fences and other Improper 
places, with chalk, knives or other Instruments. 

Throwing stones where any person, animal, bird or property 
may be Injured. 

Breaking glass where it can do injury to shoes or rubber tires. 

Dropping fruit skins on sidewalks and other places where 
they might cause accidents to pedestrians. 

Dropping paper or litter in streets or other improper places. 

Making unreasonable noise where It may disturb the comfort 
of any persons. 

Injuring or meddling In any way with public or private trees, 
flowers or other property. 

Climbing on or meddling with automobiles or other vehicles. 

Trespassing In yards, property or rights of neighbors. 

Boisterous or rough conduct which may injure or annoy any 
children or older persons. 

In these matters the children should be encouraged to think 
for themselves. A suggestion box, into which any young citizen 
may at any time drop a written suggestion, to be read by some 
officer to the citizens, possibly the clerk of the council to all, 
In some meeting of the council, can be made very helpful. 

A great part of the value in this practical civic work by the 
school children is that It develops In each a Judicial ability and 
a civic conscience, and produces the habit of thinking, acting 
and co-operating for the welfare of the whole community. 
When legislatures find that efficient citizenship can be made 
general by civic training (not "teaching civics") in all academic 
schools, and that this can be accomplished in this way, and 
In no other way, then it is not only here and there that there 
will be a person benefited, but an entire stratum of the popula- 
tion, to be followed immediately by the next and next stratum. 

Of course, we could formulate a large number of these laws, 
and ask the children to adopt the whole book, but they would 
get only a little value by that process. When their powers of 
observation are exercised, and they consider what shall be done 
to prevent wrongdoing, to remedy wrong that has been com- 
mitted, and to bring about better mental and physical condi- 
tions, they are greatly benefited in several ways. This does not 
mean that suggestions and help should be withheld. They 
need to be encouraged continually, and helped, tactfully, as in 
mathematics. 

15 



Evening School Republics. 

The Evening Schools can use the general plans which are 
used In the day schools, but, of course, to be of value, must be 
adapted by the principal and his assistants to the peculiar con- 
ditions in their particular school. Mr. Alexander S. Massell, 
principal of Evening School 27, Manhattan, has used the follow- 
ing plan to good advantage: 

The whole school is organized as a federal republic, each class 
as a city, and all cities of each grade are joined in a separate 
state. The federal or national government has the following de- 
partments: 
Department of Education suggests to prospective pupils courses 

of study suited to their special needs. 
Department of Health has charge of inspection for cleanliness 
of toilets, halls, yards, stairways and rooms; ventilation of 
rooms; replacing burned-out light bulbs; two-minute drills. 
Fire Department prevents improper carrying and use of matches, 
smoking in toilets, yards, halls, etc. It supervises fire drills; 
familiarizes pupils with exits and use of the fire alarm. 
Department of Social Activities looks after receptions, enter- 
tainments, visiting parks and museums, introduction of vis- 
itors and new pupils, social and civic clubs, orchestra and 
glee club. 
Inter-racial Council receives and makes at home those who have 

not yet learned to speak English. 
Department of Co-operation enlists outside agencies for provid- 
ing employment of pupils, vocational guidance, medical ad- 
vice, legal advice, financial assistance. 
Department of Publicity supplies newspapers with Information 
about the school; acquaints the school with the community 
and the community with the school. 
Each school city establishes as many of these departments to 
co-operate with the national departments as the conditions of 
the particular school city will justify. 



In the following Constitutions and Charter, many valuable 

details have been sacrificed in favor of the greater advantage 

of brevity. They should not be altered by teachers or pupils 

who have had less than several years experience with them. 

They are the result of many years of experience. 

16 



Constitution of the School Republic 

See Constitution of the United States for further details. 

PREAMBLE. 
We, the pupils of a school, grateful that there has been 
granted to us the right to enjoy the privileges guaranteed by 
the Constitution of the United States, and to perform the duties 
of citizenship in accord therewith, gladly accept and confirm 
this constitution, which contains those features of our great 
Constitution which are most essential in our daily life, to the 
end that we shall be trained individually in leadership and in 
promulgating the truth as we understand it; to take the 
initiative in private and public affairs; to think and act in- 
dependently and vigorously, and in co-operation among our- 
selves and with our teachers and public authorities for clean- 
liness, for health, for good manners, for prosperity, for con- 
venience, and for the beauty of our environment, and for every 
good purpose; to establish the habit of practicing the Golden 
Rule in all the affairs of life; and that we may be trained In 
economy and efficiency in the use of time, energy, books, tools 

and materials. 

ARTICLE I. 

Legislative Power. 

Section I. All legislative powers herein granted shall be 
vested in a Congress of the Republic, which shall consist of 
all citizens or of representatives elected by the citizens. 

Sec. 2. The Congress, if composed of elected representatives, 
shall consist of two representatives from each State, elected 
at large by the citizens of the State, and may be known as 
senators, and fifteen representatives or more, If desired, at 
least one from each State, the remaining number to be appor- 
tioned to the States in proportion to their number of citizens. 
The Congress may sit as a single house or as two houses; 
If as one house, appointments by the President shall be con- 
firmed by a majority of the whole Congress; If as two houses, 
appointments by the President shall be confirmed by the 
Senate. There shall be a regular session of the Congress at 
least once each month. 

Sec. 3. The Vice-President of the Republic shall be the 
President of the Congress. 

Sec. 4. The Congress may provide such officers as it may 
find desirable for the transaction of its business. 

17 



Sec. 5. The Congress may establish administrative depart- 
ments, the heads of which shall be appointed by the President 
and approved by the Congress, and who will be members of 
the President's Cabinet. 

Sec. 6. The Congress shall have power to enact laws affect- 
ing the welfare of the Republic. 

Sec. 7. Every legislative act must be by a resolution or bill. 
Every bill shall begin with the following clause: "Be ft enacted 

by the School Republic In Congress 

assembled, That'" 

Sec. 8. All legislative acts shall become effective when ap- 
proved by the President of the Republic and the Principal of 
the School. 

Sec. 9. The territory of the Republic extends over the district 
in which the school is located. 

ARTICLE II. 
Executive Power. 

Section 1. The executive power shall be vested In a President 
of the Republic, to be elected by a majority of the whole body 
of citizens. He shall hold office during one term or until his 
successor is elected, and shall not serve two terms In succession. 

Sec. 2. The President shall appoint a Secretary of State, 
whose duty it will be to preserve the records of the Republic 
and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the 
Congress. This appointment shall be subject to confirmation 
by a majority of the Congress. 

ARTICLE III. 
Judicial Power. 

Section 1. The Judicial power of the Republic shall be vested 
In a Supreme Court, the justices of which shall be appointed 
by the President and confirmed by the Congress. 

Sec. 2. The Judges of the Court may appoint such clerks 
and other officers as may be desirable for the transaction of 
its business. 

Sec. 3. The judicial power shall extend to all cases In law 
and equity arising under this Constitution and the laws of the 
Republic, and cases arising between States, and between citi- 
zens of different States, or in which a State and citizens of 
another State become a party, and to all cases not provided 
for In the State and municipal courts. 

Sec. 4. Decisions of the Supreme Court shall not become 
effective till signed by the Principal of the School. 

18 



ARTICLE IV. 
Amendments, Etc. 

Section 1. In this Constitution, where It Is provided that a 
choice may be made between two or more methods, this choice 
shall be made by the Principal of the School. 

Sec. 2. The Constitution of the United States Is the highest 
authority to settle any question which may arise in this Schoo4 
Republic, provided that the said question is treated of In the 
Constitution of the United States. 

Sec. 3. An amendment to this Constitution may be made 
whenever two-thirds of all the citizens of all the States or two- 
thirds of the States comprising the Republic deem it necessary, 
providing such amendment Is In accord with the Constitution 
of the United States and Is approved by the Principal of the 
School and the Supervisor of Civic Training. 

Sec. 4. This Constitution shall take effect immediately. 

Date 

President. 

Principal. 

Constitution of the School State 

See the Constitution of your State for further details. 

PREAMBLE. 

Grateful for the privilege of being taught the principles and 
trained In the right practices of independent citizenship, 
economy, efficiency, justice, kindness, Independence of charac* 
ter and of co-operation for every good purpose, public and 
private, we, the pupils of a school, do hereby accept and confirm 
the following Constitution: 

CHAPTER I. 
Name, Territory, Citizenship, Elements of Government. 

Section 1. The name of this State may be determined by a 
majority vote of the pupils at the time of their accepting and 
ratifying this Constitution, or as soon thereafter as practicable. 

Sec. 2. The State may consist of all the pupils of a class 
who graduate at one time or it may consist of several school 
rooms, each being organized as a village, town, county or city. 
Each city may elect a Mayor, President of the Council and 
Judge. All the pupils of the room will be the council or legis- 
lative body. Clerks and other officers may be elected. The 
city may have a commission form of government. 

19 



Sec. 3. The territory of the school state Is the school district 
In which it is located. 

Sec. 4. Every pupil is a citizen of the school state and may 
be elected to office. 

Sec. 5. The Government shall have a legislative, an execu- 
tive and a judicial department, and the citizens shall elect a 
separate head for each. The title of the head of the executive 
department is Governor; of the legislative department, Lieu- 
tenant-Governor, who Is President of the Legislature; of the 
judicial department, who is Chief Justice. There may be one 
Clerk for the three departments or preferably three Clerks, 
one for each department. The legislative department may 
establish other offices when needs arise. 

Sec. 6. The term of office shall be ten weeks or less, unless 
otherwise provided by act of the legislature. 

Sec. 7. An officer shall not be re-elected to serve In the 
same office two full terms In succession. 

CHAPTER II. 
Legislative Department. 

Section 1. The legislative department shall Include every 
citizen. It may or it may not, as shall be decided by the 
Principal of the School, delegate its power in part to a body 
chosen by the citizens, to be called the State Legislature of 
six or more members. In a school of both boys and girls in 
which a legislature of delegates has been established, two or 
more citizens should be elected in each room as members of 
the Legislature, one-half of the number of members being 
boys and the other one-half of the number girls. 

Sec. 2. All laws, before they take effect, must receive the 
signature of the Principal of the School and the Governor, op 
In lieu of the Governor's signature, a vote of two-thirds of 
the members of the Legislature. 

Sec. 3. Every legislative act must be by a resolution or bill. 
Every bill shall begin with the following clause: "Be it enacted 
by the Legislature of the School State, that 



CHAPTER Ml. 

Executive Department. 

Section 1. The Governor shall be the chief executive. It 

shall be his duty to see that the laws of the State are obeyed, 

to recommend to the Legislature all such measures as he 

deems expedient, to appoint commissioners and heads of de- 

20 



partments, and remove them if there shall be cause for doing 
so; to submit his appointments to the Legislature for con- 
firmation, and If the Legislature fails to confirm an appoint- 
ment, to make such new appointment as the Legislature will 
confirm. 

Sec. 2. The President of the Legislature shall preside at all 
meetings of the Legislature, and in the absence or disability 
of the Governor shall perform the duties of chief executive. 

Sec. 3. The Secretary of State shall keep the records of the 
State, and unless there should be elected separate Clerks of 
the Legislature and Court, he shall perform the duties of 
those officers. 

CHAPTER IV. 
Judicial Department. 

Section 1. The Chief Justice shall hold court at a regular 
time each week, and also whenever a special occasion demands. 
If there is no business to transact, the Justice should an- 
nounce this and declare the court adjourned to the next 
regular date. 

Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of the Justice to encourage 
brevity, directness, promptness of decisions and action, pleading 
guilty when guilty, a full disclosure of the truth without a 
demand for witnesses, and to discourage quibbling and all 
endeavor to cover the truth or escape justice. 

Sec. 3. A teacher should be present at every session of the 
court to suggest methods of solving the Judge's problems as 
If they were problems in arithmetic, to point out errors before 
a decision is reached, and to give such help as may seem 
desirable to aid in arriving at a wise judgment. 

Sec. 4. Such penalties as tend to humiliate or make the 
offender appear ridiculous, should be avoided. The Justice 
and all citizens should keep in mind the fact that the object 
of the court is not to punish, but to prevent wrongdoing In 
the future. 

Sec. 5. No sentence shall be carried into execution before it 
has been sanctioned by the teacher or principal. 

CHAPTER V. 
Miscellaneous. 

Section 1. The part of the principal and teachers Is to 
recognize first, that the school democracy Is not a machine, 
but a method by which they may lead and train the pupils in 
independence of character and co-operation for every good 
purpose; second, that by the introduction of citizenship In the 
school, their authority is not affected in the slightest; third, 
that boys and girls in general are so earnest In their desire 
for good thought and action, constructive work and right con- 
ditions, that the success or failure of the democracy, exactly 
the same as of all other school work, Is dependent wholly upon 
the maintained interest, respect, tact, and enthusiasm of the 

21 



principal, teachers and other 6chool authorities and not upon 
the pupils. 

Sec. 2. In all matters in this School State, to which It can 
be made applicable, the Constitution of the State in which this 
school is located, shall govern. 

Sec. 3. This Constitution shall take effect Immediately. 

Date 

M «. Governor. 

Secretary of Legislature. 

, Principal. 



Charter of the School City 

See the Charter of your city for further details. 

ARTICLE I. 
Object, Name, Territory, Citizens, Powers. 

Section 1. The object of this School City Is to train the 
citizens In the practice of the Golden Rule, Independence of 
character, promulgating the truth as we understand It, and 
co-operation for every good purpose, and all duties of citizen- 
ship, In school, at home, and everywhere. 

Sec. 2. The Name of the School City shall be determined 
by a majority of the citizens at the time this charter Is adopted 
or as soon after as convenient. 

Sec. 3. The territory of this School City Is the school, and 
so much of the district In which the pupils live as Is not 
otherwise provided for. 

Sec. 4. Every individual who is or shall be a pupil In this 
schoolroom division shall be a citizen of this School City. If 
two or more divisions occupy the same room, but at different 
times, each may be a separate school city. 

Sec. 5. The City shall have the right to make, to enforce 
and to adjudicate laws. 

Sec. 6. An officer shall not be re-elected for two whole 
terms In succession. 

Sec. 7. In all matters In this School City, to which It can be 
made applicable, the Charter of the City in which this school 
is located, shall govern. 

22 



ARTICLE II, 
Rights and Duties. 
Sec. 1. Citizens shall have the right to nominate and elect 
officers, and to work and play without unlawful interruption. 
Sec. 2. It Is the duty of the city to protect the rights of all 
citizens and promote the general welfare, and of citizens to 
practice the Golden Rule and to be obedient to every lawful 
authority. 

ARTICLE III. 
Code of Personal Conduct. 
Chapter I — Construction and Prohibition. 
Section 1. A. "Whatsoever ye would that men should do 
to you, do ye even so to them," because when this law is obeyed 
popular government can succeed, and democracy can be a 
success in such a degree as this law Is observed. All laws 
and regulations must conform to this law. 
B. Do no wrong to any one. 

Order. 
Sec. 2. A. Peace, order and co-operation for every good 
purpose must be maintained. 

B. Anything which disturbs the order In halls, classrooms, 
or In any place within the jurisdiction of this government Is 
prohibited. 

Sec. 3. A. The expression of good, pure, kind and construc- 
tive thought must be encouraged. 

B. Anything which is profane, rude, Immodest, impure, im- 
polite or unkind to any living creature is prohibited. 

Cleanliness. 
Sec. 4. A. Cleanliness, neatness, beauty and orderly appear- 
ance must be encouraged. 

B. Anything which detracts from the neat and orderly ap- 
pearance of our community is prohibited. 

Health. 
Sec. 5. A. Healthful conditions and actions must be en- 
couraged. 

B. Anything which detracts from the healthful condition of 
our community Is prohibited. 

Public and Private Property. 
Sec. 6. A. Protection of private and public property from 
theft, Injury or Interference must be encouraged and enforced. 
B. Anything which mars, destroys or Interferes with prop- 
erty rights Is prohibited. 

23 



Chapter II. — Duties. 

Section 1. Every citizen is in duty bound to call the atten- 
tion of the authorities of this government to any violation of 
the laws. 

Chapter III — Punishments. 

Section 1. Any citizen violating any law of this government 
shall be subject to punishment not less than a reprimand and 
not greater than the withdrawal of the rights of citizenship. 
Punishments must be inflicted to discourage wrongdoing, not 
to produce unhapplness or disgrace. 

Sec. 2. No punishment shall be carried Into execution before 
It has been approved by the teacher or principal of the school, 
and then it must be put into effect promptly. 

ARTICLE IV. 
Officers, Nominations, Elections. 

Section 1. There shall be a Mayor to see that the laws are 
obeyed, a Judge to decide what is right and what is wrong, 
and a President of the City Council to preside over the meet- 
ings of the City Council. All the citizens shall be members of 
the Council. Except among children who can not write, there 
shall be elected a Clerk of the Council, a City Clerk for the 
Executive Department, and a Clerk of the Court. 

Sec. 2. There may be health, police and any other officers 
that the Council shall authorize to be elected by the citizens or 
to be appointed by the Mayor. 

ARTICLE V. 

The Teacher. 

Section 1. The teacher is not a citizen or officer of the School 

Republic, but teacher, guide and friend, whose authority Is not 

changed by the granting of this charter, and whose sanction 

is needed to validate every action of the School City. 

Sec. 2. This charter having been granted by the teacher and 
other school authorities, and accepted by a majority of the 
citizens, takes effect immediately. 

Date 



Mayor. 



Teacher. 

24 



The following pages are to confirm the faith of teachers and 
• ,,w w .»."-.. ° _ . . ~ ,.,i_ s_ ^:„u* *«««! every stand- 



nd of economy 
gives happiest 



d Stowe 

;rlsh for 
children 

espotism 
I for the 

ut thou- 
f dollars 
n which 

ur great 
jome day 
i to our 

Mr. Gill 
with the 
:izenship. 
;s within 
can they 
e grown- 

f the age 
It is a 

;m whose 
iself, and 
igion, 'Be 
is!' to a 
>f life, In 
s keeper. 

on Earth 

we must 

shall we 

vY except 

nly Is he 
g is the 
»f it. But 
Sill's book 
y, may It 



Section 
tion of th 
the laws. 



Chapter II Duties. 



Section 
shall be s 
not great* 
Punishmer 
to produce 

Sec. 2. 
It has bee 
and then I fc g * ~ 

<m j - a, § 



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Ph 



0> 53 5« 

Section ^ ** • 2 £ a a 



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u 

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The following pages are to confirm the faith of teachers and 
pupils that the School Republic is right from every stand- 
point of pedagogy, morality, loyal citizenship and of economy 
of time, effort and money. Perfect faith gives happiest 
results. — 

NO OTHER PRACTICAL WAY. 

From an article by Rev. Charles Edward Stowe 
(son of Harriet Beecher Stowe): 

"Now, as of old, the people's rights perish for 
the lack of knowledge. We train up our children 
In the atmosphere of an effete oriental despotism 
and then wonder why they are so ill-fitted for the 
duties of a modern republic. 

"We have a social system that turns out thou- 
sands of criminals, then spends millions of dollars 
on courts to convict them and prisons in which 
to house and feed them. 

"We are nursing in the centers of our great 
Cities the very Goths and Vandals that some day 
will overwhelm us if we do not awake to our 
peril and theirs. 

"Now what is to be done? Just what Mr. GUI 
has been advocating and doing. Begin with the 
children. Teach them the duties of citizenship. 
Have them begin and practice these duties within 
their own little world. How otherwise can they 
be effectually trained for their duties in the grown- 
up world which they are so soon to enter? 

"This is a part of a great movement of the age 
— a most hopeful and helpful movement. It is a 
movement away from the old individualism whose 
creed was in business, 'Every man for himself, and 
the devil take the hindermost,' and in religion, 'Be 
sure your soul is saved if no one else's is!' to a 
more Christian view of the world and of life, In 
which we realize that we are our brother's keeper. 

"If our dream of the Kingdom of God on Earth 
Is to be realized, and it can be realized, we must 
begin with the boys and girls. But how shall we 
begin? THERE IS NO PRACTICAL WAY except 
Mr. Gill's plan of Child Citizenship. 

"True religion means service. Not only Is he 
who ministers greatest, but ministering is the 
end of religion, not only a manifestation of it. But 
we must know how to minister, and Mr. Gill's book 
tells us how. For the good of humanity, may It 
have an immense circulation! 

25 




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TO THE PRINCIPALS OF THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS 
OF NEW YORK CITY. 

Ladies and Gentlemen: This will introduce to you Mr. Wilson 
L. Gill, the well known originator of "The School Republic." 

Mr. Gill's plan for' the practical teaching of civics and the 
natural way of sustaining interest in the progressive develop- 
ment of character is in successful use In some of the schools 
of New York City and has been for many years. 

You are respectfully requested to extend to Mr. Gill the 
courtesy which is due to one who has rendered such service to 
the cause of education. 

Yours sincerely, Edgar Dubs Shimer, 

Associate Superintendent in Charge of 
October 19, 1921. Textbooks and Studies. 

ENTIRELY SUCCESSFUL. 

The School Republic, devised by Mr. Wilson L. Gill, has 
operated very successfully in schools under my supervision in 
two widely separated sections of Brooklyn. While the form of 
organization is quite complete, it is by no means cumbersome 
or perplexing. In fact, its efficiency is largely due to the sim- 
plicity and directness of all its mechanical workings. 

The School Republic is the best medium that has come to 
my attention for training in citizenship, and for developing 
Intelligent community spirit and the civic traits that consti- 
tute true Americanism. It provides for the fulfillment of all 
the requirements of the State law and the suggestions of the 
Board of Regents in the matter of practical training for citi- 
zenship. JAMES J. McCABE, District Superintendent. 



Ladies and Gentlemen: Mr. Wilson L. Gill, whom I have 
known for many years, has the authority of the Superintendent 
of Schools to visit your schools to interest you in training chil- 
dren in citizenship. When I was the principal of a school, I 
had the benefit of Mr. Gill's advice and assistance in giving 
practical lessons in civics and moral training, and I believe 
he will show you something that will be of great value to your 
school. BENJAMIN VEIT, District Superintendent. 

31 



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THE GOLD EN RUL E IS CIVIC. 

As the Golden Rule has been preached by the 
ancient and modern Jews, by the followers of 
Confucious and of Buddha, and by Christians* 
both Catholics and Protestants, and most of us 
learned of it at Sunday school, it has been looked 
upon as religious, or "goody-goody," but we can 
now see that it is CIVIC, the Spirit of our Constitu- 
tion, and the necessary foundation of successful, 
happy, human living and democratic citizenship, 
and of true and lasting peace and prosperity for 
any community and for all nations. 

By means of the School Republic it is possible 
to bring about the general use of 

The Golden Rule 

by the people of every nation, and the cost will 
probably be only a fraction of what a Presidential 
campaign costs. 

IT C AN BE DONE. 

Somebody said that "It couldn't be done," 

But he with a chuckle replied, 
That "maybe It couldn't/' but he would be one 

Who wouldn't eay so till he'd tried. 
So he buckled right In with the trace of a grin 

On hie face. If he worried he hid It, 

He started to sing as he tackled the thing 

That couldn't be done — and ha did Itl 

■ 

Somebody scoffed: "Oh, you'll never do that— 

At least, no one ever has done It." 
But he took off his coat and he took off his hat, » 

And the first thing we knew he'd begun It. 
With the lift of hie chin and a bit of a grin, 

Without any doubting or qulddlt, 
He started to sing as he tackled the thing 

That couldn't be done— and ha did Itl 

i 

There are thousands to tell you It cannot ha dona, 

There are thousands to prophesy failure; 
There are thousands to point out to you one by one 

The dangere that wait to aaaall you, 
But Just buckle In with a bit of a grin, 

Then take off your coat and go to Its 
Just start In to sing aa you tackle the thing 

That "cannot be done"— and you'll do It. 
(Copyright. 1918, Reilly & Uo Co., Chiosss.) Edgar A. Guest. 



By means ot the School Kermhtir 

the entire population a H?.?l?!!i:L2LiS2ISS5 

in childhood, the Goldi 

operative and habitua^ 

ness of the ballot and l™ ||| » l ^ ,lll ™^ lll,l | l ^ ,lll ^ 1 

democracy gained, developed an 
made permanent. 




The Moral and Civic Revamping 
of our people and of every Nation can 
be accomplished in this way. By no 
academic or other process is this possible. 



